apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: cnpg-postgres-dashboard
  namespace: monitoring 
  labels:
    grafana_dashboard: "1"
  annotations:
    grafana_folder: Database
data:
  cnpg-postgres-dashboard.json: >
    {
      "__inputs": [],
      "__requires": [],
      "annotations": {
        "list": [
          {
            "builtIn": 1,
            "datasource": "-- Grafana --",
            "enable": true,
            "hide": true,
            "iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
            "name": "Annotations & Alerts",
            "type": "dashboard"
          }
        ]
      },
      "description": "CloudNativePG (CNPG) PostgreSQL monitoring dashboard. Queries use $cluster variable for multi-cluster support.",
      "editable": true,
      "fiscalYearStartMonth": 0,
      "graphTooltip": 1,
      "id": null,
      "links": [
        {
          "title": "CNPG Grafana Dashboards (official)",
          "url": "https://github.com/cloudnative-pg/cloudnative-pg/tree/main/docs/src/cookbooks/grafana-dashboards"
        }
      ],
      "panels": [
        {
          "collapsed": false,
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 1,
            "w": 24,
            "x": 0,
            "y": 0
          },
          "id": 100,
          "title": "Cluster Overview",
          "type": "row"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "description": "CNPG cluster instance roles. healthy = primary + replicas.",
          "fieldConfig": {
            "defaults": {
              "color": {
                "mode": "thresholds"
              },
              "thresholds": {
                "mode": "absolute",
                "steps": [
                  {
                    "color": "red",
                    "value": null
                  },
                  {
                    "color": "yellow",
                    "value": 0
                  },
                  {
                    "color": "green",
                    "value": 1
                  }
                ]
              },
              "unit": "short"
            },
            "overrides": []
          },
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 4,
            "w": 4,
            "x": 0,
            "y": 1
          },
          "id": 1,
          "options": {
            "colorMode": "background",
            "graphMode": "none",
            "justifyMode": "auto",
            "orientation": "auto",
            "reduceOptions": {
              "calcs": ["lastNotNull"],
              "fields": "",
              "values": false
            },
            "textMode": "auto"
          },
          "targets": [
            {
              "datasource": {
                "uid": "${datasource}"
              },
              "editorMode": "code",
              "expr": "sum by (role) (pg_replication_in_state{cluster=\"$cluster\", state=\"streaming\"})",
              "legendFormat": "{{role}}",
              "range": true,
              "refId": "A"
            }
          ],
          "title": "Replica Count",
          "type": "stat"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "description": "Number of ready CNPG instances in the cluster.",
          "fieldConfig": {
            "defaults": {
              "color": {
                "mode": "thresholds"
              },
              "thresholds": {
                "mode": "absolute",
                "steps": [
                  {
                    "color": "red",
                    "value": null
                  },
                  {
                    "color": "yellow",
                    "value": 0
                  },
                  {
                    "color": "green",
                    "value": 1
                  }
                ]
              },
              "unit": "short"
            },
            "overrides": []
          },
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 4,
            "w": 4,
            "x": 4,
            "y": 1
          },
          "id": 2,
          "options": {
            "colorMode": "background",
            "graphMode": "none",
            "justifyMode": "auto",
            "orientation": "auto",
            "reduceOptions": {
              "calcs": ["lastNotNull"],
              "fields": "",
              "values": false
            },
            "textMode": "auto"
          },
          "targets": [
            {
              "datasource": {
                "uid": "${datasource}"
              },
              "editorMode": "code",
              "expr": "sum(pg_up{cluster=\"$cluster\"})",
              "legendFormat": "instances",
              "range": true,
              "refId": "A"
            }
          ],
          "title": "Instances Up",
          "type": "stat"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "description": "WAL sender count — indicates active replication connections.",
          "fieldConfig": {
            "defaults": {
              "color": {
                "mode": "thresholds"
              },
              "thresholds": {
                "mode": "absolute",
                "steps": [
                  {
                    "color": "green",
                    "value": null
                  }
                ]
              },
              "unit": "short"
            },
            "overrides": []
          },
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 4,
            "w": 4,
            "x": 8,
            "y": 1
          },
          "id": 3,
          "options": {
            "colorMode": "value",
            "graphMode": "area",
            "justifyMode": "auto",
            "orientation": "auto",
            "reduceOptions": {
              "calcs": ["lastNotNull"],
              "fields": "",
              "values": false
            },
            "textMode": "auto"
          },
          "targets": [
            {
              "datasource": {
                "uid": "${datasource}"
              },
              "editorMode": "code",
              "expr": "pg_stat_activity_count{cluster=\"$cluster\", datname=~\".+\", state=\"active\"}",
              "legendFormat": "WAL senders",
              "range": true,
              "refId": "A"
            }
          ],
          "title": "Active Connections",
          "type": "stat"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "description": "Total size of the PostgreSQL database cluster.",
          "fieldConfig": {
            "defaults": {
              "color": {
                "mode": "thresholds"
              },
              "thresholds": {
                "mode": "absolute",
                "steps": [
                  {
                    "color": "green",
                    "value": null
                  },
                  {
                    "color": "yellow",
                    "value": 50000000000
                  },
                  {
                    "color": "red",
                    "value": 100000000000
                  }
                ]
              },
              "unit": "bytes"
            },
            "overrides": []
          },
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 4,
            "w": 4,
            "x": 12,
            "y": 1
          },
          "id": 4,
          "options": {
            "colorMode": "value",
            "graphMode": "none",
            "justifyMode": "auto",
            "orientation": "auto",
            "reduceOptions": {
              "calcs": ["lastNotNull"],
              "fields": "",
              "values": false
            },
            "textMode": "auto"
          },
          "targets": [
            {
              "datasource": {
                "uid": "${datasource}"
              },
              "editorMode": "code",
              "expr": "pg_database_size_bytes{cluster=\"$cluster\", datname=\"postgres\"}",
              "legendFormat": "DB size",
              "range": true,
              "refId": "A"
            }
          ],
          "title": "Database Size",
          "type": "stat"
        },
        {
          "collapsed": false,
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 1,
            "w": 24,
            "x": 0,
            "y": 6
          },
          "id": 200,
          "title": "Replication & WAL",
          "type": "row"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "description": "Replication lag in bytes between primary and replicas.",
          "fieldConfig": {
            "defaults": {
              "color": {
                "mode": "palette-classic"
              },
              "custom": {
                "axisCenteredZero": false,
                "axisColorMode": "text",
                "axisLabel": "lag (bytes)",
                "axisPlacement": "auto",
                "barAlignment": 0,
                "drawStyle": "lines",
                "fillOpacity": 10,
                "gradientMode": "none",
                "hideFrom": {
                  "legend": false,
                  "tooltip": false,
                  "viz": false
                },
                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                "lineWidth": 1,
                "pointSize": 5,
                "scaleDistribution": {
                  "type": "linear"
                },
                "showPoints": "auto",
                "spanNulls": false,
                "stacking": {
                  "group": "A",
                  "mode": "none"
                },
                "thresholdsStyle": {
                  "mode": "off"
                }
              },
              "thresholds": {
                "mode": "absolute",
                "steps": [
                  {
                    "color": "green",
                    "value": null
                  },
                  {
                    "color": "red",
                    "value": 100000000
                  }
                ]
              },
              "unit": "bytes"
            },
            "overrides": []
          },
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 8,
            "w": 12,
            "x": 0,
            "y": 7
          },
          "id": 10,
          "options": {
            "legend": {
              "calcs": ["max", "mean"],
              "displayMode": "table",
              "placement": "bottom",
              "showLegend": true
            },
            "tooltip": {
              "mode": "multi",
              "sort": "desc"
            }
          },
          "targets": [
            {
              "datasource": {
                "uid": "${datasource}"
              },
              "editorMode": "code",
              "expr": "pg_replication_lag_bytes{cluster=\"$cluster\"}",
              "legendFormat": "{{pod}}",
              "range": true,
              "refId": "A"
            }
          ],
          "title": "Replication Lag (bytes)",
          "type": "timeseries"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "description": "WAL generation rate — volume of WAL being produced by the primary.",
          "fieldConfig": {
            "defaults": {
              "color": {
                "mode": "palette-classic"
              },
              "custom": {
                "axisCenteredZero": false,
                "axisColorMode": "text",
                "axisLabel": "W/sec",
                "axisPlacement": "auto",
                "barAlignment": 0,
                "drawStyle": "lines",
                "fillOpacity": 10,
                "gradientMode": "none",
                "hideFrom": {
                  "legend": false,
                  "tooltip": false,
                  "viz": false
                },
                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                "lineWidth": 1,
                "pointSize": 5,
                "scaleDistribution": {
                  "type": "linear"
                },
                "showPoints": "auto",
                "spanNulls": false,
                "stacking": {
                  "group": "A",
                  "mode": "none"
                },
                "thresholdsStyle": {
                  "mode": "off"
                }
              },
              "unit": "Bps"
            },
            "overrides": []
          },
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 8,
            "w": 12,
            "x": 12,
            "y": 7
          },
          "id": 11,
          "options": {
            "legend": {
              "calcs": ["max", "mean"],
              "displayMode": "table",
              "placement": "bottom",
              "showLegend": true
            },
            "tooltip": {
              "mode": "multi",
              "sort": "desc"
            }
          },
          "targets": [
            {
              "datasource": {
                "uid": "${datasource}"
              },
              "editorMode": "code",
              "expr": "rate(pg_stat_database_xact_commit{cluster=\"$cluster\"}[5m])",
              "legendFormat": "commits/sec",
              "range": true,
              "refId": "A"
            }
          ],
          "title": "Transaction Commit Rate",
          "type": "timeseries"
        },
        {
          "collapsed": false,
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 1,
            "w": 24,
            "x": 0,
            "y": 16
          },
          "id": 300,
          "title": "Performance & Queries",
          "type": "row"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "description": "Database transaction rollback rate.",
          "fieldConfig": {
            "defaults": {
              "color": {
                "mode": "palette-classic"
              },
              "custom": {
                "axisCenteredZero": false,
                "axisColorMode": "text",
                "axisLabel": "rollbacks/sec",
                "axisPlacement": "auto",
                "barAlignment": 0,
                "drawStyle": "lines",
                "fillOpacity": 10,
                "gradientMode": "none",
                "hideFrom": {
                  "legend": false,
                  "tooltip": false,
                  "viz": false
                },
                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                "lineWidth": 1,
                "pointSize": 5,
                "scaleDistribution": {
                  "type": "linear"
                },
                "showPoints": "auto",
                "spanNulls": false,
                "stacking": {
                  "group": "A",
                  "mode": "none"
                },
                "thresholdsStyle": {
                  "mode": "off"
                }
              },
              "thresholds": {
                "mode": "absolute",
                "steps": [
                  {
                    "color": "green",
                    "value": null
                  },
                  {
                    "color": "red",
                    "value": 1
                  }
                ]
              },
              "unit": "short"
            },
            "overrides": []
          },
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 8,
            "w": 12,
            "x": 0,
            "y": 17
          },
          "id": 20,
          "options": {
            "legend": {
              "calcs": ["max", "mean"],
              "displayMode": "table",
              "placement": "bottom",
              "showLegend": true
            },
            "tooltip": {
              "mode": "multi",
              "sort": "desc"
            }
          },
          "targets": [
            {
              "datasource": {
                "uid": "${datasource}"
              },
              "editorMode": "code",
              "expr": "rate(pg_stat_database_xact_rollback{cluster=\"$cluster\"}[5m])",
              "legendFormat": "{{datname}}",
              "range": true,
              "refId": "A"
            }
          ],
          "title": "Transaction Rollback Rate",
          "type": "timeseries"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "description": "Deadlocks detected — should be zero or near-zero.",
          "fieldConfig": {
            "defaults": {
              "color": {
                "mode": "palette-classic"
              },
              "custom": {
                "axisCenteredZero": false,
                "axisColorMode": "text",
                "axisLabel": "deadlocks/sec",
                "axisPlacement": "auto",
                "barAlignment": 0,
                "drawStyle": "bars",
                "fillOpacity": 80,
                "gradientMode": "none",
                "hideFrom": {
                  "legend": false,
                  "tooltip": false,
                  "viz": false
                },
                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                "lineWidth": 1,
                "pointSize": 5,
                "scaleDistribution": {
                  "type": "linear"
                },
                "showPoints": "never",
                "spanNulls": false,
                "stacking": {
                  "group": "A",
                  "mode": "none"
                },
                "thresholdsStyle": {
                  "mode": "off"
                }
              },
              "thresholds": {
                "mode": "absolute",
                "steps": [
                  {
                    "color": "green",
                    "value": null
                  },
                  {
                    "color": "red",
                    "value": 0
                  }
                ]
              },
              "unit": "short"
            },
            "overrides": []
          },
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 8,
            "w": 12,
            "x": 12,
            "y": 17
          },
          "id": 21,
          "options": {
            "legend": {
              "calcs": ["max", "sum"],
              "displayMode": "table",
              "placement": "bottom",
              "showLegend": true
            },
            "tooltip": {
              "mode": "multi",
              "sort": "desc"
            }
          },
          "targets": [
            {
              "datasource": {
                "uid": "${datasource}"
              },
              "editorMode": "code",
              "expr": "rate(pg_stat_database_deadlocks{cluster=\"$cluster\"}[5m])",
              "legendFormat": "{{datname}}",
              "range": true,
              "refId": "A"
            }
          ],
          "title": "Deadlock Rate",
          "type": "timeseries"
        },
        {
          "collapsed": false,
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 1,
            "w": 24,
            "x": 0,
            "y": 26
          },
          "id": 400,
          "title": "Storage & Disk I/O",
          "type": "row"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "description": "Temporary file creation rate — high values may indicate queries exceeding work_mem.",
          "fieldConfig": {
            "defaults": {
              "color": {
                "mode": "palette-classic"
              },
              "custom": {
                "axisCenteredZero": false,
                "axisColorMode": "text",
                "axisLabel": "bytes/sec",
                "axisPlacement": "auto",
                "barAlignment": 0,
                "drawStyle": "lines",
                "fillOpacity": 10,
                "gradientMode": "none",
                "hideFrom": {
                  "legend": false,
                  "tooltip": false,
                  "viz": false
                },
                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                "lineWidth": 1,
                "pointSize": 5,
                "scaleDistribution": {
                  "type": "linear"
                },
                "showPoints": "auto",
                "spanNulls": false,
                "stacking": {
                  "group": "A",
                  "mode": "none"
                },
                "thresholdsStyle": {
                  "mode": "off"
                }
              },
              "unit": "Bps"
            },
            "overrides": []
          },
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 8,
            "w": 12,
            "x": 0,
            "y": 27
          },
          "id": 30,
          "options": {
            "legend": {
              "calcs": ["max", "mean"],
              "displayMode": "table",
              "placement": "bottom",
              "showLegend": true
            },
            "tooltip": {
              "mode": "multi",
              "sort": "desc"
            }
          },
          "targets": [
            {
              "datasource": {
                "uid": "${datasource}"
              },
              "editorMode": "code",
              "expr": "rate(pg_stat_database_temp_bytes{cluster=\"$cluster\"}[5m])",
              "legendFormat": "{{datname}}",
              "range": true,
              "refId": "A"
            }
          ],
          "title": "Temp File Creation Rate",
          "type": "timeseries"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "description": "Checkpointer stats — sync rate. High values indicate heavy write activity.",
          "fieldConfig": {
            "defaults": {
              "color": {
                "mode": "palette-classic"
              },
              "custom": {
                "axisCenteredZero": false,
                "axisColorMode": "text",
                "axisLabel": "syncs/sec",
                "axisPlacement": "auto",
                "barAlignment": 0,
                "drawStyle": "lines",
                "fillOpacity": 10,
                "gradientMode": "none",
                "hideFrom": {
                  "legend": false,
                  "tooltip": false,
                  "viz": false
                },
                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                "lineWidth": 1,
                "pointSize": 5,
                "scaleDistribution": {
                  "type": "linear"
                },
                "showPoints": "auto",
                "spanNulls": false,
                "stacking": {
                  "group": "A",
                  "mode": "none"
                },
                "thresholdsStyle": {
                  "mode": "off"
                }
              },
              "unit": "short"
            },
            "overrides": []
          },
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 8,
            "w": 12,
            "x": 12,
            "y": 27
          },
          "id": 31,
          "options": {
            "legend": {
              "calcs": ["max", "mean"],
              "displayMode": "table",
              "placement": "bottom",
              "showLegend": true
            },
            "tooltip": {
              "mode": "multi",
              "sort": "desc"
            }
          },
          "targets": [
            {
              "datasource": {
                "uid": "${datasource}"
              },
              "editorMode": "code",
              "expr": "rate(pg_stat_bgwriter_buffers_alloc{cluster=\"$cluster\"}[5m])",
              "legendFormat": "buffer allocs/sec",
              "range": true,
              "refId": "A"
            }
          ],
          "title": "Buffer Allocation Rate",
          "type": "timeseries"
        },
        {
          "collapsed": false,
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 1,
            "w": 24,
            "x": 0,
            "y": 36
          },
          "id": 500,
          "title": "Connection Pooling",
          "type": "row"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "description": "Active and idle connections per database. Approaching max_connections is a problem.",
          "fieldConfig": {
            "defaults": {
              "color": {
                "mode": "palette-classic"
              },
              "custom": {
                "axisCenteredZero": false,
                "axisColorMode": "text",
                "axisLabel": "connections",
                "axisPlacement": "auto",
                "barAlignment": 0,
                "drawStyle": "lines",
                "fillOpacity": 10,
                "gradientMode": "none",
                "hideFrom": {
                  "legend": false,
                  "tooltip": false,
                  "viz": false
                },
                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                "lineWidth": 1,
                "pointSize": 5,
                "scaleDistribution": {
                  "type": "linear"
                },
                "showPoints": "auto",
                "spanNulls": false,
                "stacking": {
                  "group": "A",
                  "mode": "normal"
                },
                "thresholdsStyle": {
                  "mode": "off"
                }
              },
              "unit": "short"
            },
            "overrides": []
          },
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 8,
            "w": 12,
            "x": 0,
            "y": 37
          },
          "id": 40,
          "options": {
            "legend": {
              "calcs": ["max", "mean"],
              "displayMode": "table",
              "placement": "bottom",
              "showLegend": true
            },
            "tooltip": {
              "mode": "multi",
              "sort": "desc"
            }
          },
          "targets": [
            {
              "datasource": {
                "uid": "${datasource}"
              },
              "editorMode": "code",
              "expr": "sum by (datname, state) (pg_stat_activity_count{cluster=\"$cluster\"})",
              "legendFormat": "{{datname}} - {{state}}",
              "range": true,
              "refId": "A"
            }
          ],
          "title": "Connections by State",
          "type": "timeseries"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "description": "Percentage of max_connections in use. Alert if approaching 80%.",
          "fieldConfig": {
            "defaults": {
              "color": {
                "mode": "palette-classic"
              },
              "custom": {
                "axisCenteredZero": false,
                "axisColorMode": "text",
                "axisLabel": "%",
                "axisPlacement": "auto",
                "barAlignment": 0,
                "drawStyle": "lines",
                "fillOpacity": 10,
                "gradientMode": "none",
                "hideFrom": {
                  "legend": false,
                  "tooltip": false,
                  "viz": false
                },
                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                "lineWidth": 1,
                "pointSize": 5,
                "scaleDistribution": {
                  "type": "linear"
                },
                "showPoints": "auto",
                "spanNulls": false,
                "stacking": {
                  "group": "A",
                  "mode": "none"
                },
                "thresholdsStyle": {
                  "mode": "line+area"
                }
              },
              "max": 100,
              "min": 0,
              "thresholds": {
                "mode": "absolute",
                "steps": [
                  {
                    "color": "green",
                    "value": null
                  },
                  {
                    "color": "yellow",
                    "value": 50
                  },
                  {
                    "color": "red",
                    "value": 80
                  }
                ]
              },
              "unit": "percent"
            },
            "overrides": []
          },
          "gridPos": {
            "h": 8,
            "w": 12,
            "x": 12,
            "y": 37
          },
          "id": 41,
          "options": {
            "legend": {
              "calcs": ["max", "mean"],
              "displayMode": "table",
              "placement": "bottom",
              "showLegend": true
            },
            "tooltip": {
              "mode": "multi",
              "sort": "desc"
            }
          },
          "targets": [
            {
              "datasource": {
                "uid": "${datasource}"
              },
              "editorMode": "code",
              "expr": "(\n  sum(pg_stat_activity_count{cluster=\"$cluster\"})\n  /\n  pg_settings_max_connections{cluster=\"$cluster\"}\n) * 100",
              "legendFormat": "connection utilization %",
              "range": true,
              "refId": "A"
            }
          ],
          "title": "Connection Utilization %",
          "type": "timeseries"
        }
      ],
      "refresh": "30s",
      "schemaVersion": 39,
      "style": "dark",
      "tags": [
        "cnpg",
        "cloudnativepg",
        "postgresql",
        "database"
      ],
      "templating": {
        "list": [
          {
            "current": {
              "selected": false,
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            "includeAll": false,
            "label": "Datasource",
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            "skipUrlSync": false,
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          },
          {
            "current": {
              "selected": false,
              "text": "All",
              "value": "$__all"
            },
            "datasource": {
              "uid": "${datasource}"
            },
            "definition": "label_values(pg_up, cluster)",
            "hide": 0,
            "includeAll": true,
            "label": "Cluster",
            "multi": false,
            "name": "cluster",
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              "query": "label_values(pg_up, cluster)",
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            "sort": 1,
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      "time": {
        "from": "now-3h",
        "to": "now"
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      "timepicker": {},
      "timezone": "browser",
      "title": "CNPG / PostgreSQL — Cluster Monitoring",
      "uid": "cnpg-postgres-cluster",
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