# Free satellite feeds for the OSINT map

Builder inventory (research profile). Probed **2026-08-29** from this machine. Do **not** treat search snippets as live — every row below had a `curl`/GET (tile, GetCapabilities, STAC, or GetMap). 404 tile rows are omitted unless Capabilities/DescribeDomains still prove the layer exists (sparse fire overlays 404 on empty tiles).

**Pi rules:** browser `L.tileLayer` when CORS `*`; do not proxy multi-GB COGs through the Pi; STAC+SAS like existing Sentinel-1 is “backend same as S-1”; no Redis; home uplink is small.

GIBS Web Mercator REST template (no key):[2]

```
https://gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov/wmts/epsg3857/best/{layer}/default/{time}/{TileMatrixSet}/{z}/{y}/{x}.{jpg|png}
```

Omit `{time}` for static layers. Sub-daily GOES/Himawari accept `YYYY-MM-DD` **or** `YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MI:SSZ` (GIBS snaps to nearest).[2] Attribution: NASA asks clients to acknowledge GIBS/ESDIS.[1]

Live GetCapabilities `epsg3857/best` on 2026-08-29: **1315** `Layer` entries, **all** with a `GoogleMapsCompatible_LevelN` matrix, `access-control-allow-origin: *`.[4] GIBS documents **1000+** visualizations; many LANCE layers appear within **3.5 hours** of observation.[3]

Worldview is the interactive catalog of the same tiles.[5] GIBS developer portal: Earthdata GIBS API page (HTTP 403 from this host at probe time; docs site above is the working copy).[27]

---

## Already in the product (do not rediscover)

| id | status |
|---|---|
| `BlueMarble_ShadedRelief_Bathymetry` | GIBS basemap (`app/gibs_map.py`) |
| `VIIRS_SNPP_CorrectedReflectance_TrueColor` | GIBS basemap |
| `MODIS_Terra_CorrectedReflectance_TrueColor` | GIBS basemap |
| `MODIS_Aqua_CorrectedReflectance_TrueColor` | GIBS basemap |
| `VIIRS_SNPP_DayNightBand_ENCC` | GIBS night lights |
| FIRMS VIIRS hotspot CSV | ingest + `FIRMS_MAP_KEY` |
| `VIIRS_SNPP_Thermal_Anomalies_375m_All` | overlay in `app/live_layers.py` (`gibs_thermal`). **Caps now say TMS `GoogleMapsCompatible_Level8`**, not Level9 — the wired URL uses Level9 (will 400). |
| Sentinel-1 GRD | Planetary Computer STAC + SAS + TiTiler `GET /api/map/sentinel1` |
| IEM NEXRAD / RainViewer | weather radar, not satellite |

Repo docs already flag **Suomi NPP product stop 2026-11-01** — swap SNPP true color / DNB / thermal / FIRMS `VIIRS_SNPP_NRT` to NOAA-20/21 before then.

---

## Ranked “add tomorrow” (sections 1–2)

Most new OSINT signal per **zero dollars**, browser tiles only:

1. **VIIRS NOAA-20 + NOAA-21 true color** — SNPP replacement, same dropdown pattern.
2. **VIIRS false-color SWIR** (`BandsM11-I2-I1`, `BandsM3-I3-M11`, MODIS 7-2-1) — burn scars, flood, bare soil.
3. **GIBS GOES-East/West GeoColor + Band13 IR** — 10-minute weather-sat, Hormuz + CONUS.
4. **GIBS Himawari AHI vis + IR** — same for IO/WestPac.
5. **HLS S30/L30** — 30 m Landsat/Sentinel-2 look without TiTiler.
6. **OPERA RTC Sentinel-1 + DIST-ALERT + DSWx** — SAR / disturbance / flood as GIBS tiles (not COGs).
7. **NOAA-20/21 DNB** — night lights after SNPP.
8. **IEM GOES XYZ** — “latest” tiles, no time in the URL, already CORS `*` like NEXRAD.[6]
9. **EUMETView WMS** — Meteosat/MTG for Europe–Africa–IO, CORS `*`.[18]
10. **GFW GLAD-S2 / integrated deforestation alerts** — raster tiles, CORS `*` when `Origin` is sent.[15]
11. **MUR SST + VIIRS/PACE/OLCI chlorophyll** — ocean.
12. **MODIS NDVI 8-day + IMERG rain** — veg / flood context.
13. **SRTM / ASTER GDEM color index** — satellite-derived DEM, static.
14. **NOAA-20/21 thermal anomalies** — FIRMS-shaped overlay after SNPP; empty tiles 404.

---

## 1. Drop-in GIBS WMTS

All rows: **key? no**. **CORS `*`**. **Pi fit: browser `L.tileLayer`**. Same time-domain helper as `gibs_map.py` (`…/1.0.0/{id}/default/{tms}/all/all.xml`).

Format of URL column: layer id + TMS + ext. Date used in probes: `2026-08-27` unless noted.

### 1.1 Optical (true / false / SWIR)

| id | what you see | tile pattern | cadence | max zoom | license | already have? | probe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| `VIIRS_NOAA20_CorrectedReflectance_TrueColor` | Daily true color, JPSS-1 | `…/{id}/default/{time}/GoogleMapsCompatible_Level9/{z}/{y}/{x}.jpg` | daily | 9 (~250 m) | NASA GIBS ack[1] | **no** (SNPP only) | 200 `*` jpeg |
| `VIIRS_NOAA21_CorrectedReflectance_TrueColor` | Daily true color, JPSS-2 | same Level9 jpg | daily | 9 | NASA GIBS[1] | no | 200 |
| `VIIRS_SNPP_CorrectedReflectance_BandsM11-I2-I1` | False color SWIR (burns, flood) | Level9 jpg | daily | 9 | NASA GIBS[1] | no | 200 |
| `VIIRS_SNPP_CorrectedReflectance_BandsM3-I3-M11` | False color (snow/ice/desert) | Level9 jpg | daily | 9 | NASA GIBS[1] | no | 200 |
| `VIIRS_NOAA20_CorrectedReflectance_BandsM11-I2-I1` | NOAA-20 SWIR false color | Level9 jpg | daily | 9 | NASA GIBS[1] | no | 200 |
| `VIIRS_NOAA21_CorrectedReflectance_BandsM11-I2-I1` | NOAA-21 SWIR false color | Level9 jpg | daily | 9 | NASA GIBS[1] | no | 200 |
| `MODIS_Terra_CorrectedReflectance_Bands721` | Classic 7-2-1 burn/SWIR | Level9 jpg | daily | 9 | NASA GIBS[1] | no | 200 |
| `MODIS_Terra_CorrectedReflectance_Bands367` | 3-6-7 false color | Level9 jpg | daily | 9 | NASA GIBS[1] | no | 200 |
| `MODIS_Aqua_CorrectedReflectance_Bands721` | Aqua 7-2-1 | Level9 jpg | daily | 9 | NASA GIBS[1] | no | 200 |
| `HLS_S30_Nadir_BRDF_Adjusted_Reflectance` | Harmonized Sentinel-2 30 m RGB | Level12 png | ~2–3 d when a granule exists | 12 (~30 m) | NASA GIBS[1] | no | 200 at z=5 NC; 404 on empty granules is normal. Domain from 2015–present |
| `HLS_L30_Nadir_BRDF_Adjusted_Reflectance` | Harmonized Landsat 30 m | Level12 png | 8–16 d | 12 | NASA GIBS[1] | no | in caps; tile 404 on empty scene |
| `Landsat_WELD_CorrectedReflectance_TrueColor_Global_Monthly` | Landsat WELD monthly mosaic | Level12 jpg | monthly, **not NRT** | 12 | NASA GIBS[1] | no | 200 |
| `Landsat_WELD_CorrectedReflectance_TrueColor_Global_Annual` | WELD annual | Level12 jpg | yearly | 12 | NASA GIBS[1] | no | 200 |

### 1.2 Weather satellites (imagery, not NEXRAD)

Sub-daily. Probe with `2026-08-27` **and** `2026-08-27T18:00:00Z` both 200 (nearestValue).[2]

| id | what you see | TMS / ext | cadence | max zoom | already have? | probe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| `GOES-East_ABI_GeoColor` | GeoColor full disk (Americas, Atlantic, Hormuz west edge) | Level7 png | ~10 min | 7 | no | 200 |
| `GOES-West_ABI_GeoColor` | GeoColor Pacific / CONUS west | Level7 png | ~10 min | 7 | no | 200 (also 200 over CA with ISO time) |
| `GOES-East_ABI_Band2_Red_Visible_1km` | ABI vis | Level7 png | ~10 min | 7 | no | 200 |
| `GOES-West_ABI_Band2_Red_Visible_1km` | ABI vis | Level7 png | ~10 min | 7 | no | 200 |
| `GOES-East_ABI_Band13_Clean_Infrared` | Clean IR window | Level6 png | ~10 min | 6 | no | 200 |
| `GOES-West_ABI_Band13_Clean_Infrared` | Clean IR | Level6 png | ~10 min | 6 | no | 200 |
| `GOES-East_ABI_FireTemp` | Fire temperature RGB | Level7 png | ~10 min | 7 | no | 200 |
| `GOES-West_ABI_FireTemp` | Fire temperature RGB | Level7 png | ~10 min | 7 | no | 404 on NC tile (wrong disk); use west longitudes |
| `GOES-East_ABI_Dust` | Dust RGB | Level7 png | ~10 min | 7 | no | 200 |
| `GOES-East_ABI_Air_Mass` | Air mass RGB | Level6 png | ~10 min | 6 | no | 200 |
| `GOES-West_ABI_Air_Mass` | Air mass RGB | Level6 png | ~10 min | 6 | no | 200 |
| `Himawari_AHI_Band3_Red_Visible_1km` | Himawari vis (IO / WestPac / Aus) | Level7 png | ~10 min | 7 | no | 200 (ISO time over Japan) |
| `Himawari_AHI_Band13_Clean_Infrared` | Himawari IR | Level6 png | ~10 min | 6 | no | 200 |
| `Himawari_AHI_Air_Mass` | Himawari air mass | Level6 png | ~10 min | 6 | no | 200 |

**Meteosat is not in GIBS.** Use section 2 EUMETView.

### 1.3 SAR / flood / disturbance (GIBS tiles — skip TiTiler)

| id | what you see | TMS | cadence | max zoom | already have? | probe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| `OPERA_L2_Radiometric_Terrain_Corrected_SAR_Sentinel-1` | S-1 RTC browse (better than GRD for terrain) | Level12 png | scene-based from 2025-01 | 12 | **no** (you have GRD COGs, not RTC tiles) | 200 at z=5; domain 2025-01-10/… |
| `OPERA_L3_DIST-ALERT-HLS_Color_Index` | Vegetation disturbance / clearing alert | Level12 png | ~2–3 d | 12 | no | 200 |
| `OPERA_L3_DIST-ANN-HLS_Color_Index` | Annual DIST | Level12 png | yearly | 12 | no | in caps |
| `OPERA_L3_Dynamic_Surface_Water_Extent-HLS` | Surface water / flood (HLS, 30 m) | Level12 png | ~2–3 d | 12 | no | 200 at z=5 |
| `OPERA_L3_Dynamic_Surface_Water_Extent-Sentinel-1` | Surface water from S-1 (clouds irrelevant) | Level12 png | S-1 revisit | 12 | no | 200 at z=5 |
| `NISAR_L2_Geocoded_Polarimetric_Covariance` | NISAR early browse | Level13 png | when downlinked | 13 | no | 200 (layer exists; coverage still sparse) |
| `SMAP_L4_Analyzed_Surface_Soil_Moisture` | Soil moisture | Level6 png | daily | 6 | no | 200 |
| `SMAP_L3_Active_Sigma0_VV` | SMAP radar σ0 | Level6 png | 2–3 d | 6 | no | in caps (SMAP radar died 2015 — historical) |

No ICEYE / Capella / Umbra / ALOS PALSAR **daily** layers in this GIBS 3857 dump.[4] ALOS shows up as mosaics on Planetary Computer (section 3).

### 1.4 Thermal / fire / volcano

Sparse PNG overlays: **empty tiles 404**. Capabilities + DescribeDomains still 200. Frontend must tolerate 404 (Leaflet does).

| id | what you see | TMS | cadence | max zoom | already have? | probe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| `VIIRS_SNPP_Thermal_Anomalies_375m_All` | 375 m hotspots | **Level8** png (not 9) | daily | 8 | **yes**, but wired as Level9 | Domain 200; many tiles 404 |
| `VIIRS_NOAA20_Thermal_Anomalies_375m_All` | NOAA-20 hotspots | Level8 png | daily | 8 | no | Domain 200 (`2020-01-01/…` through at least 2025-09); tiles 404 if no fire in tile |
| `VIIRS_NOAA21_Thermal_Anomalies_375m_All` | NOAA-21 hotspots | Level8 png | daily | 8 | no | same |
| `VIIRS_*_Thermal_Anomalies_375m_{Day,Night}` | day/night split | Level8 png | daily | 8 | no | in caps |
| `MODIS_{Terra,Aqua,Combined}_Thermal_Anomalies_All` | 1 km MODIS fire | Level7 png | daily | 7 | no | in caps |
| `GOES-East_ABI_FireTemp` | geostationary fire RGB | Level7 png | ~10 min | 7 | no | 200 |

Also keep FIRMS CSV — points beat raster for click/query.

### 1.5 Night lights (beyond current DNB ENCC)

| id | what you see | TMS / ext | cadence | max zoom | already have? | probe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| `VIIRS_NOAA20_DayNightBand` | NOAA-20 DNB | Level7 png | daily | 7 | no | 200 |
| `VIIRS_NOAA21_DayNightBand` | NOAA-21 DNB | Level7 png | daily | 7 | no | 200 |
| `VIIRS_NOAA20_DayNightBand_At_Sensor_Radiance` | radiance, not ENCC | Level8 png | daily | 8 | no | 200 |
| `VIIRS_SNPP_DayNightBand_At_Sensor_Radiance` | SNPP radiance | Level8 png | daily | 8 | no | 200 |
| `VIIRS_NOAA20_DayNightBand_AtSensor_M15` | DNB+M15 composite jpg | Level8 jpg | daily | 8 | no | 200 |
| `VIIRS_Night_Lights` | Black-marble-style annual-ish | Level8 png | time-dim | 8 | no | 200 on 2026-08-27 mosaic date |
| `VIIRS_CityLights_2012` | Static 2012 city lights | Level8 jpg | **static** (`has_time=false`) | 8 | no | 200 |

`VIIRS_Black_Marble` and `VIIRS_NOAA20_DayNightBand_ENCC` are in caps; ENCC-NOAA20 returned HTTP 400 on the Level8 template we tried — do not ship until DescribeDomains + a known-good date are wired. SNPP ENCC stays as the current layer.

### 1.6 Ocean

| id | what you see | TMS | cadence | max zoom | probe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| `GHRSST_L4_MUR_Sea_Surface_Temperature` | 1 km MUR SST | Level7 png | daily | 7 | 200 |
| `GHRSST_L4_MUR_Sea_Surface_Temperature_Anomalies` | SST anomaly | Level7 png | daily | 7 | in caps |
| `MODIS_Aqua_L3_SST_MidIR_4km_Night_Daily` | MODIS SST | Level6 png | daily | 6 | 200 |
| `MODIS_Aqua_L2_Chlorophyll_A` | Aqua chl-a | Level7 png | daily | 7 | 200 |
| `VIIRS_SNPP_L2_Chlorophyll_A` | VIIRS chl-a | Level7 png | daily | 7 | 200 |
| `VIIRS_NOAA20_Chlorophyll_a` | NOAA-20 chl-a | Level7 png | daily | 7 | 200 |
| `OCI_PACE_Chlorophyll_a` | PACE OCI chl-a | Level7 png | daily | 7 | 200 |
| `S3A_OLCI_Chlorophyll_a` | Sentinel-3A OLCI chl-a | Level7 png | daily | 7 | 200 |
| `S3B_OLCI_Chlorophyll_a` | Sentinel-3B OLCI | Level7 png | daily | 7 | in caps |
| `MODIS_Terra_Sea_Ice` | sea ice | Level7 png | daily | 7 | 200 |
| `GHRSST_L4_MUR_Sea_Ice_Concentration` | MUR ice | Level7 png | daily | 7 | in caps |

No dedicated “SAR oil slick” GIBS layer in the 3857 dump. Closest: OPERA RTC / DSWx-S1 + existing S-1 GRD TiTiler.

### 1.7 Vegetation / burn / flood / precip / atm

| id | what you see | TMS | cadence | max zoom | probe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| `MODIS_Terra_NDVI_8Day` | NDVI | Level9 png | 8-day | 9 | 200 |
| `MODIS_Terra_L3_NDVI_16Day` | NDVI 16-day | Level9 png | 16-day | 9 | 200 |
| `IMERG_Precipitation_Rate` | GPM IMERG rain | Level6 png | sub-daily | 6 | 200 |
| `MODIS_Terra_Aerosol` | AOD | Level6 png | daily | 6 | 200 |
| `MODIS_Terra_Land_Surface_Temp_Day` | LST | Level7 png | daily | 7 | 200 |
| `VIIRS_SNPP_Land_Surface_Temp_Day` | VIIRS LST | Level7 png | daily | 7 | 200 |
| `AIRS_L3_Carbon_Monoxide_500hPa_Volume_Mixing_Ratio_Daily_Night` | CO (fires, industry) | Level6 png | daily | 6 | 200 |
| `OMI_NO2` / `OMI_Aerosol_Index` | NO2 / smoke index | Level6 png | daily | 6 | OMI AI 200; several OMPS 200 |
| `MODIS_Water_Mask` | static water mask | Level9 png | static | 9 | 200 |

MODIS burned-area monthly (`MCD64` / `MODIS_Combined_L3_Burned_Area_Monthly`) is in caps; our dated tile 400’d — wire only after a DescribeDomains date hits 200.

### 1.8 DEM (satellite-derived, tileable)

| id | what you see | TMS / ext | cadence | max zoom | probe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| `SRTM_Color_Index` | SRTM elevation color | Level12 png | static | 12 | 200 |
| `ASTER_GDEM_Color_Index` | ASTER GDEM color | Level12 png | static | 12 | 200 |
| `ASTER_GDEM_Color_Shaded_Relief` | ASTER hillshade | Level12 jpg | static | 12 | 200 |
| `ASTER_GDEM_Greyscale_Shaded_Relief` | grey hillshade | Level12 jpg | static | 12 | in caps |
| `GEDI_ISS_L3_Canopy_Height_Mean_RH100_201904-202303` | GEDI canopy height | Level7 png | static epoch | 7 | related GEDI biomass 200 |

Blue Marble shaded relief is **already** the basemap — these are extra.

---

## 2. Other XYZ / WMTS / WMS (no key)

Ranked after GIBS for signal/$; still free.

| id | what you see | provider | URL pattern | key? | CORS | cadence | max zoom / res | license / attribution | Pi fit | already have? | probe 2026-08-29 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| `iem_goes_east_conus_ch02` | GOES-East CONUS ABI ch02 vis, **latest** | Iowa State IEM | `https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/cache/tile.py/1.0.0/goes_east_conus_ch02/{z}/{x}/{y}.png` | no | `*` | ~5 min cache header | TMS; vis ~1 km | Cite IEM / NOAA GOES[6][7] | **browser** (same stack as NEXRAD) | no | 200 image/png `*` |
| `iem_goes_east_conus_ch13` | GOES-East CONUS IR ch13 | IEM | `…/goes_east_conus_ch13/{z}/{x}/{y}.png` | no | `*` | ~5 min | IR ~2 km | IEM[6] | browser | no | 200 |
| `iem_goes_east_fulldisk_ch02` | GOES-East full disk vis | IEM | `…/goes_east_fulldisk_ch02/{z}/{x}/{y}.png` | no | `*` | ~5 min | full disk | IEM[6] | browser | no | 200 |
| `iem_goes_west_conus_ch02` | GOES-West CONUS vis | IEM | `…/goes_west_conus_ch02/{z}/{x}/{y}.png` | no | `*` | ~5 min | | IEM[6] | browser | no | 200 |
| `iem_goes_vis_1km` | Legacy name → GOES-East vis | IEM | `…/goes-vis-1km/{z}/{x}/{y}.png` | no | `*` | ~5 min | | IEM[6] | browser | no | 200 |
| IEM GOES template | Any bird/sector/channel | IEM | `goes_{east\|west}_{fulldisk\|conus\|mesoscale-1\|mesoscale-2\|alaska\|puertorico}_ch{01–16}`[6] | no | `*` | NRT | 16 ABI bands | IEM[6] | browser | no | template documented; ch02/ch13 probed |
| `eumet_msg_natural` | Meteosat natural color | EUMETSAT EUMETView GeoServer | WMS `https://view.eumetsat.int/geoserver/ows` layer `msg_fes:rgb_natural` EPSG:3857 GetMap | no | `*` | NRT | SEVIRI ~3 km | EUMETSAT viz; cite EUMETSAT[18] | **browser `L.tileLayer.wms`** (not XYZ). Caps 200, 165 layer names | no | GetMap 200 image/png `*` |
| `eumet_msg_ir108` | Meteosat IR 10.8 | EUMETView | WMS `msg_fes:ir108` | no | `*` | NRT | | EUMETSAT | browser WMS | no | name in caps |
| `eumet_msg_fire` | Meteosat fire | EUMETView | WMS `msg_fes:fire` | no | `*` | NRT | | EUMETSAT | browser WMS | no | name in caps |
| `eumet_mtg_ir105` | MTG-I IR | EUMETView | WMS `mtg_fd:ir105_hrfi` | no | `*` | NRT | FCI | EUMETSAT | browser WMS | no | name in caps |
| `eumet_s3_olci_rgb` | S3 OLCI RGB mosaic | EUMETView | WMS `copernicus:daily_sentinel3ab_olci_l1_rgb_fulres` | no | `*` | daily | OLCI | Copernicus/EUMETSAT | browser WMS | no | name in caps |
| `eumet_s3_chl` | S3 chl-a | EUMETView | WMS `copernicus:daily_sentinel3ab_olci_l2_chl_fullres` | no | `*` | daily | | Copernicus | browser WMS | no | name in caps |
| `gfw_glad_s2` | GLAD Sentinel-2 deforestation alerts | GFW tile cache | `https://tiles.globalforestwatch.org/umd_glad_sentinel2_alerts/latest/default/{z}/{x}/{y}.png` | no | `*` **if `Origin` header** (null without it) | ~daily | raster z 0–22 documented[15] | WRI/UMD; cite GFW | **browser** (Leaflet sends Origin) | no | 200 image/png; with Origin → CORS `*` |
| `gfw_integrated` | Integrated deforestation alerts | GFW | `https://tiles.globalforestwatch.org/gfw_integrated_alerts/latest/default/{z}/{x}/{y}.png` | no | `*` + Origin | ~daily | | GFW | browser | no | 200 |
| `gfw_tcl` | UMD tree-cover loss | GFW | `https://tiles.globalforestwatch.org/umd_tree_cover_loss/latest/tcd_30/{z}/{x}/{y}.png` | no | (same host) | annual | | GFW/UMD | browser | no | 200 |
| `star_goes19_fd_geocolor` | GOES-19 full-disk GeoColor **JPEG** (not XYZ) | NOAA NESDIS STAR CDN | `https://cdn.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/GOES19/ABI/FD/GEOCOLOR/latest.jpg` also `…/CONUS/GEOCOLOR/latest.jpg` | no | `*` | minutes | full-disk / CONUS image | NOAA | **not a map layer** — optional lightbox. Do not tile-proxy | no | 200 jpeg `*`[21] |
| `star_goes18_fd_geocolor` | GOES-18 FD GeoColor JPEG | STAR | `https://cdn.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/GOES18/ABI/FD/GEOCOLOR/latest.jpg` | no | `*` | minutes | | NOAA | lightbox only | no | 200 |

IEM JSON `…/GOES/conus/channel02/GOES-16_C02.json` is **stale** (`generated_at` 2025-04-07) but the **tile names still 200**. Prefer GIBS GeoColor when you need a time slider; prefer IEM when you want “whatever is latest” with zero time plumbing.[6][7]

### 2.x Works but **not** browser-direct (no CORS)

| id | what you see | URL | CORS | Pi fit | probe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RAMMB/CIRA SLIDER GeoColor tiles | GOES-19 / Himawari / JPSS loops, ~10 min | Times: `https://rammb-slider.cira.colostate.edu/data/json/goes-19/full_disk/geocolor/latest_times.json` (`timestamps_int`). Tile: `https://rammb-slider.cira.colostate.edu/data/imagery/{YYYY}/{MM}/{DD}/goes-19---full_disk/geocolor/{ts}/{zz}/{yyy}_{xxx}.png` e.g. `…/2026/08/28/goes-19---full_disk/geocolor/20260828225021/00/000_000.png`. Himawari times JSON also 200. | **none** | **Do not proxy tiles through the Pi.** Bookmark / deep-link SLIDER instead.[19][26] | times 200; tile 200 png; CORS null |
| NICT Himawari-8 Real-time Web | 10-min full disk PNG grid | `https://himawari8.nict.go.jp/img/D531106/latest.json` then `https://himawari8.nict.go.jp/img/D531106/2d/550/{YYYY}/{MM}/{DD}/{HHMMSS}_{x}_{y}.png` | **none** | same — no Pi proxy | latest.json 200; tile 200 png; CORS null[22] |
| OpenAerialMap | Per-scene TMS of open UAV/sat | `https://api.openaerialmap.org/meta` → `properties.tms` | CORS **only** `https://map.openaerialmap.org` | not usable from the dashboard origin without a proxy; opportunistic, not a global basemap[23][25] | meta 200 |
| USGS LandsatLook STAC | Landsat C2 STAC | `https://landsatlook.usgs.gov/stac-server` | CORS locked to `https://landsatlook.usgs.gov/stac-server` | backend-only if ever; prefer Earth Search / PC / GIBS HLS[24] | collections + search 200 |
| NOAA CoastWatch ERDDAP WMS (`jplMURSST41`) | MUR SST WMS | `https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/wms/jplMURSST41/request` | mixed | **flaky**: GetCapabilities 200 earlier, **503** on later GetMap/GetCapabilities. Prefer GIBS MUR | 503 on 2nd pass |
| RainViewer `satellite.infrared` | would be IR sat frames | `https://api.rainviewer.com/public/weather-maps.json` | `*` | **empty list** (`"infrared": []`) at probe time — do not ship. Radar path already in product[20] | JSON 200, satellite IR empty |

---

## 3. STAC / COG (TiTiler, same pattern as Sentinel-1)

Do **not** stream COGs through the Pi for a basemap. Viewport bbox + short datetime window + SAS/public HTTPS + existing TiTiler. Prefer GIBS HLS / OPERA tiles (section 1) when a browse PNG is enough.

| id | what you see | provider | STAC | key? | CORS | cadence | res | license | Pi fit | already have? | probe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| `sentinel-2-l2a` (Earth Search) | S2 L2A COGs, public HTTPS | Element 84 / AWS Open Data | `https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1` collections: `sentinel-2-l2a`, `sentinel-2-c1-l2a`, `sentinel-2-l1c`, `sentinel-2-pre-c1-l2a`, `sentinel-1-grd`, `landsat-c2-l2`, `naip`, `cop-dem-glo-30`, `cop-dem-glo-90`[8][9] | no | STAC `*` | S2 ~5 d | 10 m | Copernicus open; AWS public bucket HTTPS (not requester-pays for these COGs)[9] | **backend same as S-1**: search → TCI/visual COG → TiTiler. Live item `S2A_40RCP_20260827_0_L2A` href `https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/…/TCI.tif` | no | collections + search 200 `*` |
| `sentinel-2-l2a` (Planetary Computer) | same S2 on Azure | Microsoft PC | `https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/api/stac/v1/collections/sentinel-2-l2a` | SAS token (unsigned search works) | STAC `*` | ~5 d | 10 m | Copernicus; Azure blob needs SAS like current S-1 | backend same as S-1 | no | collection + search 200 `*` (136 collections listed)[10][11] |
| `sentinel-1-rtc` | S-1 IW RTC γ0 COGs | PC / Catalyst | `/collections/sentinel-1-rtc` | **PC account required to retrieve SAS** for RTC blobs[12] | STAC `*` | IW land | ~10 m pixels | **CC BY 4.0**[12] | backend same as S-1 **plus** PC login for SAS. Prefer GIBS OPERA RTC tiles if browse is enough | no | collection 200; search item `S1D_IW_GRDH_…_rtc` assets `vv,vh,tilejson,rendered_preview` |
| `sentinel-1-grd` (PC) | GRD | PC | `/collections/sentinel-1-grd` | SAS | `*` | 6–12 d | | Copernicus | **already have** | yes | 200 |
| `sentinel-1-grd` (Earth Search) | GRD on AWS | E84 | `/collections/sentinel-1-grd` | requester-pays **s3://** URLs per E84 README[9] | `*` | | | Copernicus | worse than PC for the Pi (AWS creds) | no | collection 200 |
| `landsat-c2-l2` | Landsat 8/9 SR | E84 + PC | both catalogs | no / SAS | `*` | 8–16 d | 30 m | USGS public | backend TiTiler; or just use GIBS HLS | no | both 200 |
| `hls2-s30` / `hls2-l30` | HLS v2 COGs | PC | `/collections/hls2-s30`, `hls2-l30` | SAS | `*` | 2–3 d | 30 m | NASA | prefer GIBS HLS tiles | no | collections 200 |
| `goes-cmi` | GOES Cloud & Moisture Imagery COGs | PC | `/collections/goes-cmi` | SAS | `*` | 5–10 min | ABI | NOAA | **overkill vs GIBS/IEM tiles** | no | collection 200 |
| `modis-14A1-061` / `modis-64A1-061` | MODIS fire / burned area | PC | `/collections/modis-14A1-061`, `modis-64A1-061` | SAS | `*` | daily / monthly | 1 km / 500 m | NASA | prefer GIBS fire tiles + FIRMS | no | 200 |
| `alos-palsar-mosaic` / `alos-fnf-mosaic` | ALOS PALSAR yearly mosaic / forest-nonforest | PC | those collection ids | SAS | `*` | **annual** | 25 m | JAXA (check collection) | backend mosaic, not live SAR | no | 200 |
| `nasadem` / `cop-dem-glo-30` | DEM COGs | PC + E84 | `nasadem`, `cop-dem-glo-30` | public / SAS | `*` | static | 30 m | NASA / Copernicus | prefer GIBS SRTM/ASTER tiles | no | 200 |
| `naip` | USDA NAIP aerial (CONUS) | E84 + PC | `naip` | no | `*` | leaf-on, not NRT | ~0.6 m | USDA | CONUS only; huge. Optional TiTiler | no | 200 |
| `io-lulc-annual-v02` | 10 m land cover | PC | `io-lulc-annual-v02` | SAS | `*` | annual | 10 m | various | overlay, not sat photo | no | 200 |
| CDSE `sentinel-2-l2a` / `sentinel-1-grd` | Copernicus Dataspace STAC | ESA CDSE | `https://stac.dataspace.copernicus.eu/v1/collections/sentinel-2-l2a` (lowercase ids work; `SENTINEL-2` 404) | **free account** for many assets | **CORS none** | same as ESA | | Copernicus | backend only; Earth Search/PC easier on a Pi | no | collection 200, CORS null. List endpoint is paginated (first page was CLMS burned-area COGs)[14] |

PC catalog also has Sentinel-3 OLCI/SLSTR NetCDF, Sentinel-5P, GOES-GLM — NetCDF is a bad TiTiler citizen; use GIBS/EUMETView for those.

---

## 4. Free-account / license-gated (no card this week)

| id | note | why not a dropdown tomorrow |
|---|---|---|
| Microsoft PC SAS for RTC (and some blobs) | “A Planetary Computer account is required to retrieve SAS tokens to read the RTC data.”[12] | Search is open; **read** needs an account. GRD path you already have may not need this. |
| Copernicus Data Space (`stac.dataspace.copernicus.eu`) | STAC search 200 without cookie; **no CORS**; downloads often need a free CDSE login | Use Earth Search/PC unless you want official ESA provenance |
| JAXA P-Tree / Himawari Monitor | Himawari standard data, account | NICT/GIBS already cover browse |
| EUMETSAT Data Store | full MTG/MSG granules | EUMETView WMS is the browse path |
| FIRMS map key | already in product | add `VIIRS_NOAA20_NRT` / `VIIRS_NOAA21_NRT` before SNPP sunset |
| USGS ERS / EarthExplorer | Landsat/ASTER download login | GIBS HLS + Earth Search cover browse |
| Planet Tropical Forest Observatory | paid successor after NICFI | see skip |

---

## 5. Skip / costs money / dead

| id | why |
|---|---|
| **NICFI / Planet tropical mosaics (free)** | Free NICFI phase **ended 1 Apr 2025**. Removed from GFW and Collect Earth Online. Successor is Planet **Tropical Forest Observatory (subscription)** or a future NICFI re-compete.[16][17] PC collections `planet-nicfi-analytic` / `planet-nicfi-visual` still exist but assets are **RFP winners only** + proprietary PLA.[13] |
| Sentinel Hub (paid tiers) | billed processing units |
| Google Earth Engine | billing project |
| Maxar / Planet commercial | $ |
| ICEYE commercial | no free global tile/STAC found this pass |
| Umbra / Capella / Maxar **open data** STAC | catalogs 200 (`maxar-opendata`, `umbra-open-data-catalog`) but **disaster events only**, not a standing layer |
| Esri World Imagery / Clarity | tiles 200 CORS `*` — **ToS not a free basemap we should wrap** |
| Mapbox / Google satellite | key + ToS |
| GEE Dynamic World / NICFI in EE | EE billing |
| `nowcoast.noaa.gov` | HTTP **403** |
| FIRMS WMS (`firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/wms/…`) | HTTP **404** — use CSV + GIBS |
| RainViewer satellite IR | payload empty[20] |
| CoastWatch ERDDAP | 503 at probe; GIBS MUR replaces SST |
| Proxying RAMMB or NICT tiles | no CORS; would soak the home uplink |

---

## Implementation notes for builders

1. **GIBS dropdown:** reuse `MAP_LAYERS` in `app/gibs_map.py`. New rows are `{id, title, tms, format, has_time, max_zoom}`. Time-domain fetch already exists.
2. **SNPP sunset:** NOAA-20/21 true color, DNB, thermal, FIRMS datasets first. SNPP true color can stay as fallback until 2026-11-01.
3. **Fix thermal TMS:** caps say `GoogleMapsCompatible_Level8` for `VIIRS_*_Thermal_Anomalies_375m_*`. Level9 GetTile is HTTP 400 XML.
4. **GOES time:** either GIBS `{time}` ISO + existing date slider, or IEM “latest” XYZ with no time (simpler, CONUS/FD only).
5. **HLS / OPERA:** empty granules 404 — same as “today’s MODIS isn’t ingested yet”. Clamp latest date via DescribeDomains like current daily mosaics.
6. **Do not add TiTiler S2 as a global basemap.** 10 m COGs will thrash the Pi. GIBS HLS Level12 is the browse path; Earth Search TCI is a “inspect this viewport” action like S-1.
7. **EUMETView:** `L.tileLayer.wms` against `https://view.eumetsat.int/geoserver/ows`, layers `msg_fes:rgb_natural` / `msg_fes:ir108`. Caps CORS `*`.
8. **GFW:** send browser Origin (Leaflet does). No key.
9. **Attribution strings:** NASA GIBS acknowledgment[1]; IEM; EUMETSAT; GFW/UMD; NOAA STAR.

### Probe stats (this run)

- GIBS WMTS caps: 5 796 177 bytes, CORS `*`, 1315 layers.[4]
- Curated GIBS GetTile: **78/90 HTTP 200** first batch; extra GOES/DNB/HLS/OPERA/ocean 200 as tabulated.
- Earth Search collections (complete list): `sentinel-2-pre-c1-l2a`, `cop-dem-glo-30`, `naip`, `cop-dem-glo-90`, `landsat-c2-l2`, `sentinel-2-l2a`, `sentinel-2-l1c`, `sentinel-2-c1-l2a`, `sentinel-1-grd`.[8]
- Planetary Computer: 136 collections; S-1 RTC CC-BY-4.0.[11][12]

Raw probe JSON lives next to this file in the kanban workspace (`gibs_probes.json`, `wave2_probes.json`, `wave3_probes.json`, `gibs_all_layers.json`).

## Sources

[1] https://nasa-gibs.github.io/gibs-api-docs
[2] https://nasa-gibs.github.io/gibs-api-docs/access-basics
[3] https://nasa-gibs.github.io/gibs-api-docs/available-visualizations
[4] https://gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov/wmts/epsg3857/best/1.0.0/WMTSCapabilities.xml
[5] https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov
[6] https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/ogc
[7] https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/GIS/goes.phtml
[8] https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1/collections
[9] https://github.com/Element84/earth-search
[10] https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/catalog
[11] https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/api/stac/v1/collections
[12] https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/dataset/sentinel-1-rtc
[13] https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/dataset/planet-nicfi-analytic
[14] https://stac.dataspace.copernicus.eu/v1/collections
[15] https://tiles.globalforestwatch.org
[16] https://www.collect.earth/planet-imagery-via-nicfi-is-no-longer-available-on-ceo
[17] https://www.globalforestwatch.org/blog/data-and-tools/planet-imagery-changes-gfw
[18] https://view.eumetsat.int/geoserver/ows?service=WMS&request=GetCapabilities
[19] https://rammb-slider.cira.colostate.edu
[20] https://api.rainviewer.com/public/weather-maps.json
[21] https://cdn.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/GOES19/ABI/FD/GEOCOLOR/latest.jpg
[22] https://himawari8.nict.go.jp
[23] https://api.openaerialmap.org/meta?limit=1
[24] https://landsatlook.usgs.gov/stac-server/collections
[25] https://openaerialmap.org
[26] https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/more/all-tools/rammb-slider
[27] https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/engage/open-data-services-software/earthdata-developer-portal/gibs-api